English Standard Four: Market Related Environment

Unit One: Developing Vocabulary by Relating Words with Objects in the Environment

Sub-topic: Market Related Environment

Learning objectives: By the end of the lesson, a pupil should be able to: identify places, people and objects found in a market; explain the uses of common market objects; describe goods using simple words; and construct short sentences using market-related vocabulary.

1. Meaning of a Market

A market is a place where people buy and sell goods. People go to the market to buy food, clothes and other things they need. Sellers take goods to the market so that customers can buy them.

Examples of goods: tomatoes, onions, bananas, rice, beans, fish, meat, clothes and shoes.

2. Places Found in a Market and Their Uses

Place	Use
Stall	A small place where a seller displays and sells goods.
Shop	A building or room where goods are sold.
Open market	An open area where many sellers sell different goods.
Food section	A place where food items are sold.
Vegetable section	A place where vegetables are sold.
Fruit section	A place where fruits are sold.
Clothes section	A place where clothes are sold.
Meat section	A place where meat is sold.

3. People Found in a Market and Their Work

Person	Work
Seller (vendor)	Sells goods to customers.
Buyer (customer)	Buys goods from a seller.
Trader	Buys and sells goods, usually to make a profit.
Shopkeeper	Owns or manages a shop and sells goods.
Porter	Helps to carry goods from one place to another.
Market attendant	Helps to keep the market organised and clean.

4. Objects Found in a Market and Their Uses

Object	Use
Weighing scale	It is used to measure the weight of goods.
Basket	It is used to carry or keep goods.
Shopping bag	It is used to carry goods bought by a customer.
Wheelbarrow	It is used to carry heavy goods.
Cash box	It is used to keep money safely.
Crate	It is used to keep and carry goods such as fruits and vegetables.
Umbrella	It provides shade or protection from rain.
Table	It is used to display goods for sale.
Knife	It is used to cut some goods, for example meat or fruit.
Price tag	It shows how much an item costs.

5. Describing Market Goods

We can describe goods by their colour, size, shape, taste, condition and use.

• The mango is yellow and sweet.
• The watermelon is big and round.
• The tomatoes are red and fresh.
• The onions are small and round.
• The rice is white and dry.
• The basket is brown and light.

6. Useful Market Vocabulary

Word	Meaning
Market	A place where people buy and sell goods.
Goods	Things that are bought and sold.
Seller	A person who sells goods.
Buyer	A person who buys goods.
Price	The amount of money paid for something.
Bargain	To discuss the price to agree on a lower amount.
Weigh	To measure how heavy something is.
Cash	Money in the form of notes or coins.
Change	Money returned when a customer pays more than the price.
Trade	The activity of buying and selling goods.

7. Example Sentences

1. The seller is selling fresh vegetables.
2. I bought bananas at the market.
3. The weighing scale measures the weight of goods.
4. The basket is used to carry tomatoes.
5. The customer paid cash for the rice.
6. My mother went to the market yesterday.
7. The trader sells clothes in a shop.
8. The porter carries a heavy bag.

8. Classroom Activities

• Word and picture matching: Pupils match pictures of market objects with their names.
• Role-play: Pupils act as sellers and buyers using simple expressions such as “How much is it?” and “It is two thousand shillings.”
• Object description: Pupils describe familiar goods by colour, size and shape.
• Sentence building: Pupils construct short sentences using market vocabulary.

9. Exercises

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. A place where people buy and sell goods is a ________.
A. school   B. church   C. market   D. hospital

2. Which object is used to measure the weight of goods?
A. basket   B. table   C. weighing scale   D. bag

3. A person who buys goods is called a ________.
A. seller   B. buyer   C. porter   D. farmer

B. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

seller    basket    market    price    goods

1. A ________ is a place where people buy and sell things.
2. The ________ of an item is the amount of money you pay for it.
3. A ________ sells goods to customers.
4. A ________ is used to carry goods.
5. Vegetables, fruits and clothes are examples of ________.

C. Match the objects with their uses.

1. Weighing scale    A. To carry heavy goods
2. Wheelbarrow    B. To display goods
3. Table    C. To measure weight
4. Cash box    D. To keep money safely

D. Write short sentences.

Write three sentences about things you can see or do at a market.

10. Answer Guide

A: 1. C – market; 2. C – weighing scale; 3. B – buyer.

B: 1. market; 2. price; 3. seller; 4. basket; 5. goods.

C: 1. C; 2. A; 3. B; 4. D.

D: Answers will vary. Accept correct sentences using market-related vocabulary.

11. Support for Slow Learners

Use real objects or clear pictures such as a basket, bag, tomatoes and weighing scale. Teach a few words at a time, pronounce each word clearly, let pupils repeat, and pair learners so that they can practise matching words with objects. Give sentence starters such as “A seller sells ________” and “A basket is used to ________.”

12. Teaching and Learning Resources

Pictures of a market, real market objects (basket, bag and weighing scale), vocabulary cards, charts, chalkboard and exercise books.

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